package org.json;

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2002 JSON.org
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil.
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * A JSONObject is an unordered collection of name/value pairs. Its external form is a string wrapped in curly braces
 * with colons between the names and values, and commas between the values and names. The internal form is an object
 * having <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods for accessing the values by name, and <code>put</code> methods
 * for adding or replacing values by name. The values can be any of these types: <code>Boolean</code>,
 * <code>JSONArray</code>, <code>JSONObject</code>, <code>Number</code>, <code>String</code>, or the
 * <code>JSONObject.NULL</code> object. A JSONObject constructor can be used to convert an external form JSON text into
 * an internal form whose values can be retrieved with the <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods, or to convert
 * values into a JSON text using the <code>put</code> and <code>toString</code> methods. A <code>get</code> method
 * returns a value if one can be found, and throws an exception if one cannot be found. An <code>opt</code> method
 * returns a default value instead of throwing an exception, and so is useful for obtaining optional values.
 * <p>
 * The generic <code>get()</code> and <code>opt()</code> methods return an object, which you can cast or query for type.
 * There are also typed <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods that do type checking and type coercion for you.
 * The opt methods differ from the get methods in that they do not throw. Instead, they return a specified value, such
 * as null.
 * <p>
 * The <code>put</code> methods add or replace values in an object. For example,
 * 
 * <pre>
 * myString = new JSONObject().put(&quot;JSON&quot;, &quot;Hello, World!&quot;).toString();
 * </pre>
 * 
 * produces the string <code>{"JSON": "Hello, World"}</code>.
 * <p>
 * The texts produced by the <code>toString</code> methods strictly conform to the JSON syntax rules. The constructors
 * are more forgiving in the texts they will accept:
 * <ul>
 * <li>An extra <code>,</code>&nbsp;<small>(comma)</small> may appear just before the closing brace.</li>
 * <li>Strings may be quoted with <code>'</code>&nbsp;<small>(single quote)</small>.</li>
 * <li>Strings do not need to be quoted at all if they do not begin with a quote or single quote, and if they do not
 * contain leading or trailing spaces, and if they do not contain any of these characters:
 * <code>{ } [ ] / \ : , = ; #</code> and if they do not look like numbers and if they are not the reserved words
 * <code>true</code>, <code>false</code>, or <code>null</code>.</li>
 * <li>Keys can be followed by <code>=</code> or <code>=></code> as well as by <code>:</code>.</li>
 * <li>Values can be followed by <code>;</code> <small>(semicolon)</small> as well as by <code>,</code>
 * <small>(comma)</small>.</li>
 * <li>Numbers may have the <code>0x-</code> <small>(hex)</small> prefix.</li>
 * </ul>
 * 
 * @author JSON.org
 * @version 2011-10-16
 */
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class JSONObject {
	
	/**
	 * JSONObject.NULL is equivalent to the value that JavaScript calls null, whilst Java's null is equivalent to the
	 * value that JavaScript calls undefined.
	 */
	private static final class Null {
		
		/**
		 * There is only intended to be a single instance of the NULL object, so the clone method returns itself.
		 * 
		 * @return NULL.
		 */
		@Override
		protected final Object clone() {
			return this;
		}
		
		/**
		 * A Null object is equal to the null value and to itself.
		 * 
		 * @param object An object to test for nullness.
		 * @return true if the object parameter is the JSONObject.NULL object or null.
		 */
		@Override
		public boolean equals(final Object object) {
			return (object == null) || (object == this);
		}
		
		/**
		 * Get the "null" string value.
		 * 
		 * @return The string "null".
		 */
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return "null";
		}
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			return super.hashCode();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * The map where the JSONObject's properties are kept.
	 */
	private final Map			map;
	
	/**
	 * It is sometimes more convenient and less ambiguous to have a <code>NULL</code> object than to use Java's
	 * <code>null</code> value. <code>JSONObject.NULL.equals(null)</code> returns <code>true</code>.
	 * <code>JSONObject.NULL.toString()</code> returns <code>"null"</code>.
	 */
	public static final Object	NULL	= new Null();
	
	/**
	 * Construct an empty JSONObject.
	 */
	public JSONObject() {
		this.map = new HashMap();
	}
	
	/**
	 * Construct a JSONObject from a subset of another JSONObject. An array of strings is used to identify the keys that
	 * should be copied. Missing keys are ignored.
	 * 
	 * @param jo A JSONObject.
	 * @param names An array of strings.
	 * @throws JSONException
	 * @exception JSONException If a value is a non-finite number or if a name is duplicated.
	 */
	public JSONObject(final JSONObject jo, final String[] names) {
		this();
		for (final String name: names) {
			try {
				putOnce(name, jo.opt(name));
			} catch (final Exception ignore) {
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Construct a JSONObject from a JSONTokener.
	 * 
	 * @param x A JSONTokener object containing the source string.
	 * @throws JSONException If there is a syntax error in the source string or a duplicated key.
	 */
	public JSONObject(final JSONTokener x) throws JSONException {
		this();
		char c;
		String key;
		
		if (x.nextClean() != '{') {
			throw x.syntaxError("A JSONObject text must begin with '{'");
		}
		for (;;) {
			c = x.nextClean();
			switch (c) {
			case 0:
				throw x.syntaxError("A JSONObject text must end with '}'");
			case '}':
				return;
			default:
				x.back();
				key = x.nextValue().toString();
			}
			
			// The key is followed by ':'. We will also tolerate '=' or '=>'.
			
			c = x.nextClean();
			if (c == '=') {
				if (x.next() != '>') {
					x.back();
				}
			} else if (c != ':') {
				throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ':' after a key");
			}
			putOnce(key, x.nextValue());
			
			// Pairs are separated by ','. We will also tolerate ';'.
			
			switch (x.nextClean()) {
			case ';':
			case ',':
				if (x.nextClean() == '}') {
					return;
				}
				x.back();
				break;
			case '}':
				return;
			default:
				throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ',' or '}'");
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Construct a JSONObject from a Map.
	 * 
	 * @param map A map object that can be used to initialize the contents of the JSONObject.
	 * @throws JSONException
	 */
	public JSONObject(final Map map) {
		this.map = new HashMap();
		if (map != null) {
			final Iterator i = map.entrySet().iterator();
			while (i.hasNext()) {
				final Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)i.next();
				final Object value = e.getValue();
				if (value != null) {
					this.map.put(e.getKey(), wrap(value));
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Construct a JSONObject from an Object using bean getters. It reflects on all of the public methods of the object.
	 * For each of the methods with no parameters and a name starting with <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code>
	 * followed by an uppercase letter, the method is invoked, and a key and the value returned from the getter method
	 * are put into the new JSONObject. The key is formed by removing the <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code>
	 * prefix. If the second remaining character is not upper case, then the first character is converted to lower case.
	 * For example, if an object has a method named <code>"getName"</code>, and if the result of calling
	 * <code>object.getName()</code> is <code>"Larry Fine"</code>, then the JSONObject will contain
	 * <code>"name": "Larry Fine"</code>.
	 * 
	 * @param bean An object that has getter methods that should be used to make a JSONObject.
	 */
	public JSONObject(final Object bean) {
		this();
		populateMap(bean);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Construct a JSONObject from an Object, using reflection to find the public members. The resulting JSONObject's
	 * keys will be the strings from the names array, and the values will be the field values associated with those keys
	 * in the object. If a key is not found or not visible, then it will not be copied into the new JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @param object An object that has fields that should be used to make a JSONObject.
	 * @param names An array of strings, the names of the fields to be obtained from the object.
	 */
	public JSONObject(final Object object, final String names[]) {
		this();
		final Class c = object.getClass();
		for (final String name: names) {
			try {
				putOpt(name, c.getField(name).get(object));
			} catch (final Exception ignore) {
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Construct a JSONObject from a source JSON text string. This is the most commonly used JSONObject constructor.
	 * 
	 * @param source A string beginning with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with
	 *            <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
	 * @exception JSONException If there is a syntax error in the source string or a duplicated key.
	 */
	public JSONObject(final String source) throws JSONException {
		this(new JSONTokener(source));
	}
	
	/**
	 * Construct a JSONObject from a ResourceBundle.
	 * 
	 * @param baseName The ResourceBundle base name.
	 * @param locale The Locale to load the ResourceBundle for.
	 * @throws JSONException If any JSONExceptions are detected.
	 */
	public JSONObject(final String baseName, final Locale locale) throws JSONException {
		this();
		final ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle(baseName, locale, Thread.currentThread()
				.getContextClassLoader());
		
		// Iterate through the keys in the bundle.
		
		final Enumeration keys = bundle.getKeys();
		while (keys.hasMoreElements()) {
			final Object key = keys.nextElement();
			if (key instanceof String) {
				
				// Go through the path, ensuring that there is a nested JSONObject for each
				// segment except the last. Add the value using the last segment's name into
				// the deepest nested JSONObject.
				
				final String[] path = ((String)key).split("\\.");
				final int last = path.length - 1;
				JSONObject target = this;
				for (int i = 0; i < last; i += 1) {
					final String segment = path[i];
					JSONObject nextTarget = target.optJSONObject(segment);
					if (nextTarget == null) {
						nextTarget = new JSONObject();
						target.put(segment, nextTarget);
					}
					target = nextTarget;
				}
				target.put(path[last], bundle.getString((String)key));
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Accumulate values under a key. It is similar to the put method except that if there is already an object stored
	 * under the key then a JSONArray is stored under the key to hold all of the accumulated values. If there is already
	 * a JSONArray, then the new value is appended to it. In contrast, the put method replaces the previous value. If
	 * only one value is accumulated that is not a JSONArray, then the result will be the same as using put. But if
	 * multiple values are accumulated, then the result will be like append.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value An object to be accumulated under the key.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If the value is an invalid number or if the key is null.
	 */
	public JSONObject accumulate(final String key, final Object value) throws JSONException {
		testValidity(value);
		final Object object = opt(key);
		if (object == null) {
			put(key, value instanceof JSONArray ? new JSONArray().put(value) : value);
		} else if (object instanceof JSONArray) {
			((JSONArray)object).put(value);
		} else {
			put(key, new JSONArray().put(object).put(value));
		}
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Append values to the array under a key. If the key does not exist in the JSONObject, then the key is put in the
	 * JSONObject with its value being a JSONArray containing the value parameter. If the key was already associated
	 * with a JSONArray, then the value parameter is appended to it.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value An object to be accumulated under the key.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If the key is null or if the current value associated with the key is not a JSONArray.
	 */
	public JSONObject append(final String key, final Object value) throws JSONException {
		testValidity(value);
		final Object object = opt(key);
		if (object == null) {
			put(key, new JSONArray().put(value));
		} else if (object instanceof JSONArray) {
			put(key, ((JSONArray)object).put(value));
		} else {
			throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + key + "] is not a JSONArray.");
		}
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Produce a string from a double. The string "null" will be returned if the number is not finite.
	 * 
	 * @param d A double.
	 * @return A String.
	 */
	public static String doubleToString(final double d) {
		if (Double.isInfinite(d) || Double.isNaN(d)) {
			return "null";
		}
		
		// Shave off trailing zeros and decimal point, if possible.
		
		String string = Double.toString(d);
		if ((string.indexOf('.') > 0) && (string.indexOf('e') < 0) && (string.indexOf('E') < 0)) {
			while (string.endsWith("0")) {
				string = string.substring(0, string.length() - 1);
			}
			if (string.endsWith(".")) {
				string = string.substring(0, string.length() - 1);
			}
		}
		return string;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the value object associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return The object associated with the key.
	 * @throws JSONException if the key is not found.
	 */
	public Object get(final String key) throws JSONException {
		if (key == null) {
			throw new JSONException("Null key.");
		}
		final Object object = opt(key);
		if (object == null) {
			throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] not found.");
		}
		return object;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the boolean value associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return The truth.
	 * @throws JSONException if the value is not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false".
	 */
	public boolean getBoolean(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object object = get(key);
		if (object.equals(Boolean.FALSE)
				|| ((object instanceof String) && ((String)object).equalsIgnoreCase("false"))) {
			return false;
		} else if (object.equals(Boolean.TRUE)
				|| ((object instanceof String) && ((String)object).equalsIgnoreCase("true"))) {
			return true;
		}
		throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a Boolean.");
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the float value associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return The numeric value.
	 * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value is not a Number object and cannot be converted to a
	 *             number.
	 */
	public float getFloat(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object object = get(key);
		try {
			return object instanceof Number ? ((Number)object).floatValue() : Float.parseFloat((String)object);
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a number.");
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the double value associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return The numeric value.
	 * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value is not a Number object and cannot be converted to a
	 *             number.
	 */
	public double getDouble(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object object = get(key);
		try {
			return object instanceof Number ? ((Number)object).doubleValue() : Double.parseDouble((String)object);
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a number.");
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the int value associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return The integer value.
	 * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to an integer.
	 */
	public int getInt(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object object = get(key);
		try {
			return object instanceof Number ? ((Number)object).intValue() : Integer.parseInt((String)object);
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not an int.");
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the JSONArray value associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return A JSONArray which is the value.
	 * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value is not a JSONArray.
	 */
	public JSONArray getJSONArray(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object object = get(key);
		if (object instanceof JSONArray) {
			return (JSONArray)object;
		}
		throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a JSONArray.");
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the JSONObject value associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return A JSONObject which is the value.
	 * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value is not a JSONObject.
	 */
	public JSONObject getJSONObject(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object object = get(key);
		if (object instanceof JSONObject) {
			return (JSONObject)object;
		}
		throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a JSONObject.");
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the long value associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return The long value.
	 * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to a long.
	 */
	public long getLong(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object object = get(key);
		try {
			return object instanceof Number ? ((Number)object).longValue() : Long.parseLong((String)object);
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a long.");
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an array of field names from a JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @return An array of field names, or null if there are no names.
	 */
	public static String[] getNames(final JSONObject jo) {
		final int length = jo.length();
		if (length == 0) {
			return null;
		}
		final Iterator iterator = jo.keys();
		final String[] names = new String[length];
		int i = 0;
		while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			names[i] = (String)iterator.next();
			i += 1;
		}
		return names;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an array of field names from an Object.
	 * 
	 * @return An array of field names, or null if there are no names.
	 */
	public static String[] getNames(final Object object) {
		if (object == null) {
			return null;
		}
		final Class klass = object.getClass();
		final Field[] fields = klass.getFields();
		final int length = fields.length;
		if (length == 0) {
			return null;
		}
		final String[] names = new String[length];
		for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
			names[i] = fields[i].getName();
		}
		return names;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the string associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return A string which is the value.
	 * @throws JSONException if there is no string value for the key.
	 */
	public String getString(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object object = get(key);
		if (object instanceof String) {
			return (String)object;
		}
		throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] not a string.");
	}
	
	/**
	 * Determine if the JSONObject contains a specific key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return true if the key exists in the JSONObject.
	 */
	public boolean has(final String key) {
		return this.map.containsKey(key);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Increment a property of a JSONObject. If there is no such property, create one with a value of 1. If there is
	 * such a property, and if it is an Integer, Long, Double, or Float, then add one to it.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If there is already a property with this name that is not an Integer, Long, Double, or
	 *             Float.
	 */
	public JSONObject increment(final String key) throws JSONException {
		final Object value = opt(key);
		if (value == null) {
			put(key, 1);
		} else if (value instanceof Integer) {
			put(key, ((Integer)value).intValue() + 1);
		} else if (value instanceof Long) {
			put(key, ((Long)value).longValue() + 1);
		} else if (value instanceof Double) {
			put(key, ((Double)value).doubleValue() + 1);
		} else if (value instanceof Float) {
			put(key, ((Float)value).floatValue() + 1);
		} else {
			throw new JSONException("Unable to increment [" + quote(key) + "].");
		}
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Determine if the value associated with the key is null or if there is no value.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return true if there is no value associated with the key or if the value is the JSONObject.NULL object.
	 */
	public boolean isNull(final String key) {
		return JSONObject.NULL.equals(opt(key));
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @return An iterator of the keys.
	 */
	public Iterator keys() {
		return this.map.keySet().iterator();
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the number of keys stored in the JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @return The number of keys in the JSONObject.
	 */
	public int length() {
		return this.map.size();
	}
	
	/**
	 * Produce a JSONArray containing the names of the elements of this JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @return A JSONArray containing the key strings, or null if the JSONObject is empty.
	 */
	public JSONArray names() {
		final JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
		final Iterator keys = this.keys();
		while (keys.hasNext()) {
			ja.put(keys.next());
		}
		return ja.length() == 0 ? null : ja;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Produce a string from a Number.
	 * 
	 * @param number A Number
	 * @return A String.
	 * @throws JSONException If n is a non-finite number.
	 */
	public static String numberToString(final Number number) throws JSONException {
		if (number == null) {
			throw new JSONException("Null pointer");
		}
		testValidity(number);
		
		// Shave off trailing zeros and decimal point, if possible.
		
		String string = number.toString();
		if ((string.indexOf('.') > 0) && (string.indexOf('e') < 0) && (string.indexOf('E') < 0)) {
			while (string.endsWith("0")) {
				string = string.substring(0, string.length() - 1);
			}
			if (string.endsWith(".")) {
				string = string.substring(0, string.length() - 1);
			}
		}
		return string;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional value associated with a key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return An object which is the value, or null if there is no value.
	 */
	public Object opt(final String key) {
		return key == null ? null : this.map.get(key);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional boolean associated with a key. It returns false if there is no such key, or if the value is not
	 * Boolean.TRUE or the String "true".
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return The truth.
	 */
	public boolean optBoolean(final String key) {
		return optBoolean(key, false);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional boolean associated with a key. It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key, or if it is
	 * not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false" (case insensitive).
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param defaultValue The default.
	 * @return The truth.
	 */
	public boolean optBoolean(final String key, final boolean defaultValue) {
		try {
			return getBoolean(key);
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			return defaultValue;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional double associated with a key, or NaN if there is no such key or if its value is not a number. If
	 * the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
	 * 
	 * @param key A string which is the key.
	 * @return An object which is the value.
	 */
	public double optDouble(final String key) {
		return optDouble(key, Double.NaN);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional double associated with a key, or the defaultValue if there is no such key or if its value is not
	 * a number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param defaultValue The default.
	 * @return An object which is the value.
	 */
	public double optDouble(final String key, final double defaultValue) {
		try {
			return getDouble(key);
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			return defaultValue;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional int value associated with a key, or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
	 * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return An object which is the value.
	 */
	public int optInt(final String key) {
		return optInt(key, 0);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional int value associated with a key, or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a
	 * number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param defaultValue The default.
	 * @return An object which is the value.
	 */
	public int optInt(final String key, final int defaultValue) {
		try {
			return getInt(key);
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			return defaultValue;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional JSONArray associated with a key. It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not
	 * a JSONArray.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return A JSONArray which is the value.
	 */
	public JSONArray optJSONArray(final String key) {
		final Object o = opt(key);
		return o instanceof JSONArray ? (JSONArray)o : null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional JSONObject associated with a key. It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not
	 * a JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return A JSONObject which is the value.
	 */
	public JSONObject optJSONObject(final String key) {
		final Object object = opt(key);
		return object instanceof JSONObject ? (JSONObject)object : null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional long value associated with a key, or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a
	 * number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return An object which is the value.
	 */
	public long optLong(final String key) {
		return optLong(key, 0);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional long value associated with a key, or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a
	 * number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param defaultValue The default.
	 * @return An object which is the value.
	 */
	public long optLong(final String key, final long defaultValue) {
		try {
			return getLong(key);
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			return defaultValue;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional string associated with a key. It returns an empty string if there is no such key. If the value is
	 * not a string and is not null, then it is converted to a string.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @return A string which is the value.
	 */
	public String optString(final String key) {
		return optString(key, "");
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get an optional string associated with a key. It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param defaultValue The default.
	 * @return A string which is the value.
	 */
	public String optString(final String key, final String defaultValue) {
		final Object object = opt(key);
		return NULL.equals(object) ? defaultValue : object.toString();
	}
	
	private void populateMap(final Object bean) {
		final Class klass = bean.getClass();
		
		// If klass is a System class then set includeSuperClass to false.
		
		final boolean includeSuperClass = klass.getClassLoader() != null;
		
		final Method[] methods = (includeSuperClass) ? klass.getMethods() : klass.getDeclaredMethods();
		for (final Method method: methods) {
			try {
				if (Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
					final String name = method.getName();
					String key = "";
					if (name.startsWith("get")) {
						if (name.equals("getClass") || name.equals("getDeclaringClass")) {
							key = "";
						} else {
							key = name.substring(3);
						}
					} else if (name.startsWith("is")) {
						key = name.substring(2);
					}
					if ((key.length() > 0) && Character.isUpperCase(key.charAt(0))
							&& (method.getParameterTypes().length == 0)) {
						if (key.length() == 1) {
							key = key.toLowerCase();
						} else if (!Character.isUpperCase(key.charAt(1))) {
							key = key.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase() + key.substring(1);
						}
						
						final Object result = method.invoke(bean, (Object[])null);
						if (result != null) {
							map.put(key, wrap(result));
						}
					}
				}
			} catch (final Exception ignore) {
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/boolean pair in the JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value A boolean which is the value.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
	 */
	public JSONObject put(final String key, final boolean value) throws JSONException {
		put(key, value ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a JSONArray which is produced from a Collection.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value A Collection value.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException
	 */
	public JSONObject put(final String key, final Collection value) throws JSONException {
		put(key, new JSONArray(value));
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/double pair in the JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value A double which is the value.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If the key is null or if the number is invalid.
	 */
	public JSONObject put(final String key, final double value) throws JSONException {
		put(key, new Double(value));
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/int pair in the JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value An int which is the value.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
	 */
	public JSONObject put(final String key, final int value) throws JSONException {
		put(key, new Integer(value));
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/long pair in the JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value A long which is the value.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
	 */
	public JSONObject put(final String key, final long value) throws JSONException {
		put(key, new Long(value));
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a JSONObject which is produced from a Map.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value A Map value.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException
	 */
	public JSONObject put(final String key, final Map value) throws JSONException {
		put(key, new JSONObject(value));
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject. If the value is null, then the key will be removed from the JSONObject if
	 * it is present.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value An object which is the value. It should be of one of these types: Boolean, Double, Integer,
	 *            JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String, or the JSONObject.NULL object.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If the value is non-finite number or if the key is null.
	 */
	public JSONObject put(final String key, final Object value) throws JSONException {
		if (key == null) {
			throw new JSONException("Null key.");
		}
		if (value != null) {
			testValidity(value);
			if (value instanceof Long) {
				long longValue = (long)value;
				if ((longValue >= Integer.MIN_VALUE) && (longValue <= Integer.MAX_VALUE)) {
					this.map.put(key, (int)longValue);
				} else {
					this.map.put(key, value);
				}
			} else {
				this.map.put(key, value);
			}
		} else {
			remove(key);
		}
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the key and the value are both non-null, and only if there is
	 * not already a member with that name.
	 * 
	 * @param key
	 * @param value
	 * @return his.
	 * @throws JSONException if the key is a duplicate
	 */
	public JSONObject putOnce(final String key, final Object value) throws JSONException {
		if ((key != null) && (value != null)) {
			if (opt(key) != null) {
				throw new JSONException("Duplicate key \"" + key + "\"");
			}
			put(key, value);
		}
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the key and the value are both non-null.
	 * 
	 * @param key A key string.
	 * @param value An object which is the value. It should be of one of these types: Boolean, Double, Integer,
	 *            JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String, or the JSONObject.NULL object.
	 * @return this.
	 * @throws JSONException If the value is a non-finite number.
	 */
	public JSONObject putOpt(final String key, final Object value) throws JSONException {
		if ((key != null) && (value != null)) {
			put(key, value);
		}
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Produce a string in double quotes with backslash sequences in all the right places. A backslash will be inserted
	 * within </, producing <\/, allowing JSON text to be delivered in HTML. In JSON text, a string cannot contain a
	 * control character or an unescaped quote or backslash.
	 * 
	 * @param string A String
	 * @return A String correctly formatted for insertion in a JSON text.
	 */
	public static String quote(final String string) {
		if ((string == null) || (string.length() == 0)) {
			return "\"\"";
		}
		
		char b;
		char c = 0;
		String hhhh;
		int i;
		final int len = string.length();
		final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(len + 4);
		
		sb.append('"');
		for (i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
			b = c;
			c = string.charAt(i);
			switch (c) {
			case '\\':
			case '"':
				sb.append('\\');
				sb.append(c);
				break;
			case '/':
				if (b == '<') {
					sb.append('\\');
				}
				sb.append(c);
				break;
			case '\b':
				sb.append("\\b");
				break;
			case '\t':
				sb.append("\\t");
				break;
			case '\n':
				sb.append("\\n");
				break;
			case '\f':
				sb.append("\\f");
				break;
			case '\r':
				sb.append("\\r");
				break;
			default:
				if ((c < ' ') || ((c >= '\u0080') && (c < '\u00a0')) || ((c >= '\u2000') && (c < '\u2100'))) {
					hhhh = "000" + Integer.toHexString(c);
					sb.append("\\u" + hhhh.substring(hhhh.length() - 4));
				} else {
					sb.append(c);
				}
			}
		}
		sb.append('"');
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	/**
	 * Remove a name and its value, if present.
	 * 
	 * @param key The name to be removed.
	 * @return The value that was associated with the name, or null if there was no value.
	 */
	public JSONObject remove(final String key) {
		this.map.remove(key);
		return this;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Try to convert a string into a number, boolean, or null. If the string can't be converted, return the string.
	 * 
	 * @param string A String.
	 * @return A simple JSON value.
	 */
	public static Object stringToValue(final String string) {
		Double d;
		if (string.equals("")) {
			return string;
		}
		if (string.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) {
			return Boolean.TRUE;
		}
		if (string.equalsIgnoreCase("false")) {
			return Boolean.FALSE;
		}
		if (string.equalsIgnoreCase("null")) {
			return JSONObject.NULL;
		}
		
		/*
		 * If it might be a number, try converting it. We support the non-standard 0x- convention. If a number cannot be
		 * produced, then the value will just be a string. Note that the 0x-, plus, and implied string conventions are
		 * non-standard. A JSON parser may accept non-JSON forms as long as it accepts all correct JSON forms.
		 */
		
		final char b = string.charAt(0);
		if (((b >= '0') && (b <= '9')) || (b == '.') || (b == '-') || (b == '+')) {
			if ((b == '0') && (string.length() > 2) && ((string.charAt(1) == 'x') || (string.charAt(1) == 'X'))) {
				try {
					return new Integer(Integer.parseInt(string.substring(2), 16));
				} catch (final Exception ignore) {
				}
			}
			try {
				if ((string.indexOf('.') > -1) || (string.indexOf('e') > -1) || (string.indexOf('E') > -1)) {
					d = Double.valueOf(string);
					if (!d.isInfinite() && !d.isNaN()) {
						return d;
					}
				} else {
					final Long myLong = new Long(string);
					if (myLong.longValue() == myLong.intValue()) {
						return new Integer(myLong.intValue());
					} else {
						return myLong;
					}
				}
			} catch (final Exception ignore) {
			}
		}
		return string;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Throw an exception if the object is a NaN or infinite number.
	 * 
	 * @param o The object to test.
	 * @throws JSONException If o is a non-finite number.
	 */
	public static void testValidity(final Object o) throws JSONException {
		if (o != null) {
			if (o instanceof Double) {
				if (((Double)o).isInfinite() || ((Double)o).isNaN()) {
					throw new JSONException("JSON does not allow non-finite numbers.");
				}
			} else if (o instanceof Float) {
				if (((Float)o).isInfinite() || ((Float)o).isNaN()) {
					throw new JSONException("JSON does not allow non-finite numbers.");
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Produce a JSONArray containing the values of the members of this JSONObject.
	 * 
	 * @param names A JSONArray containing a list of key strings. This determines the sequence of the values in the
	 *            result.
	 * @return A JSONArray of values.
	 * @throws JSONException If any of the values are non-finite numbers.
	 */
	public JSONArray toJSONArray(final JSONArray names) throws JSONException {
		if ((names == null) || (names.length() == 0)) {
			return null;
		}
		final JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
		for (int i = 0; i < names.length(); i += 1) {
			ja.put(this.opt(names.getString(i)));
		}
		return ja;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Make a JSON text of this JSONObject. For compactness, no whitespace is added. If this would not result in a
	 * syntactically correct JSON text, then null will be returned instead.
	 * <p>
	 * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
	 * 
	 * @return a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with
	 *         <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right
	 *         brace)</small>.
	 */
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		try {
			final Iterator keys = this.keys();
			final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");
			
			while (keys.hasNext()) {
				if (sb.length() > 1) {
					sb.append(',');
				}
				final Object o = keys.next();
				sb.append(quote(o.toString()));
				sb.append(':');
				sb.append(valueToString(this.map.get(o)));
			}
			sb.append('}');
			return sb.toString();
		} catch (final Exception e) {
			return null;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of this JSONObject.
	 * <p>
	 * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
	 * 
	 * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of indentation.
	 * @return a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with
	 *         <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right
	 *         brace)</small>.
	 * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
	 */
	public String toString(final int indentFactor) throws JSONException {
		return toString(indentFactor, 0);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of this JSONObject.
	 * <p>
	 * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
	 * 
	 * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of indentation.
	 * @param indent The indentation of the top level.
	 * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with <code>{</code>
	 *         &nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
	 * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
	 */
	String toString(final int indentFactor, final int indent) throws JSONException {
		int i;
		final int length = this.length();
		if (length == 0) {
			return "{}";
		}
		final Iterator keys = this.keys();
		final int newindent = indent + indentFactor;
		Object object;
		final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");
		if (length == 1) {
			object = keys.next();
			sb.append(quote(object.toString()));
			sb.append(": ");
			sb.append(valueToString(this.map.get(object), indentFactor, indent));
		} else {
			while (keys.hasNext()) {
				object = keys.next();
				if (sb.length() > 1) {
					sb.append(",\n");
				} else {
					sb.append('\n');
				}
				for (i = 0; i < newindent; i += 1) {
					sb.append(' ');
				}
				sb.append(quote(object.toString()));
				sb.append(": ");
				sb.append(valueToString(this.map.get(object), indentFactor, newindent));
			}
			if (sb.length() > 1) {
				sb.append('\n');
				for (i = 0; i < indent; i += 1) {
					sb.append(' ');
				}
			}
		}
		sb.append('}');
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	/**
	 * Make a JSON text of an Object value. If the object has an value.toJSONString() method, then that method will be
	 * used to produce the JSON text. The method is required to produce a strictly conforming text. If the object does
	 * not contain a toJSONString method (which is the most common case), then a text will be produced by other means.
	 * If the value is an array or Collection, then a JSONArray will be made from it and its toJSONString method will be
	 * called. If the value is a MAP, then a JSONObject will be made from it and its toJSONString method will be called.
	 * Otherwise, the value's toString method will be called, and the result will be quoted.
	 * <p>
	 * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
	 * 
	 * @param value The value to be serialized.
	 * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with <code>{</code>
	 *         &nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
	 * @throws JSONException If the value is or contains an invalid number.
	 */
	public static String valueToString(final Object value) throws JSONException {
		if ((value == null) || value.equals(null)) {
			return "null";
		}
		if (value instanceof JSONString) {
			Object object;
			try {
				object = ((JSONString)value).toJSONString();
			} catch (final Exception e) {
				throw new JSONException(e);
			}
			if (object instanceof String) {
				return (String)object;
			}
			throw new JSONException("Bad value from toJSONString: " + object);
		}
		if (value instanceof Number) {
			return numberToString((Number)value);
		}
		if ((value instanceof Boolean) || (value instanceof JSONObject) || (value instanceof JSONArray)) {
			return value.toString();
		}
		if (value instanceof Map) {
			return new JSONObject((Map)value).toString();
		}
		if (value instanceof Collection) {
			return new JSONArray((Collection)value).toString();
		}
		if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
			return new JSONArray(value).toString();
		}
		return quote(value.toString());
	}
	
	/**
	 * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of an object value.
	 * <p>
	 * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
	 * 
	 * @param value The value to be serialized.
	 * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of indentation.
	 * @param indent The indentation of the top level.
	 * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with <code>{</code>
	 *         &nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
	 * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
	 */
	static String valueToString(final Object value, final int indentFactor, final int indent) throws JSONException {
		if ((value == null) || value.equals(null)) {
			return "null";
		}
		try {
			if (value instanceof JSONString) {
				final Object o = ((JSONString)value).toJSONString();
				if (o instanceof String) {
					return (String)o;
				}
			}
		} catch (final Exception ignore) {
		}
		if (value instanceof Number) {
			return numberToString((Number)value);
		}
		if (value instanceof Boolean) {
			return value.toString();
		}
		if (value instanceof JSONObject) {
			return ((JSONObject)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
		}
		if (value instanceof JSONArray) {
			return ((JSONArray)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
		}
		if (value instanceof Map) {
			return new JSONObject((Map)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
		}
		if (value instanceof Collection) {
			return new JSONArray((Collection)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
		}
		if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
			return new JSONArray(value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
		}
		return quote(value.toString());
	}
	
	/**
	 * Wrap an object, if necessary. If the object is null, return the NULL object. If it is an array or collection,
	 * wrap it in a JSONArray. If it is a map, wrap it in a JSONObject. If it is a standard property (Double, String, et
	 * al) then it is already wrapped. Otherwise, if it comes from one of the java packages, turn it into a string. And
	 * if it doesn't, try to wrap it in a JSONObject. If the wrapping fails, then null is returned.
	 * 
	 * @param object The object to wrap
	 * @return The wrapped value
	 */
	public static Object wrap(final Object object) {
		try {
			if (object == null) {
				return NULL;
			}
			if ((object instanceof JSONObject) || (object instanceof JSONArray) || NULL.equals(object)
					|| (object instanceof JSONString) || (object instanceof Byte) || (object instanceof Character)
					|| (object instanceof Short) || (object instanceof Integer) || (object instanceof Long)
					|| (object instanceof Boolean) || (object instanceof Float) || (object instanceof Double)
					|| (object instanceof String)) {
				return object;
			}
			
			if (object instanceof Collection) {
				return new JSONArray((Collection)object);
			}
			if (object.getClass().isArray()) {
				return new JSONArray(object);
			}
			if (object instanceof Map) {
				return new JSONObject((Map)object);
			}
			final Package objectPackage = object.getClass().getPackage();
			final String objectPackageName = objectPackage != null ? objectPackage.getName() : "";
			if (objectPackageName.startsWith("java.") || objectPackageName.startsWith("javax.")
					|| (object.getClass().getClassLoader() == null)) {
				return object.toString();
			}
			return new JSONObject(object);
		} catch (final Exception exception) {
			return null;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Write the contents of the JSONObject as JSON text to a writer. For compactness, no whitespace is added.
	 * <p>
	 * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
	 * 
	 * @return The writer.
	 * @throws JSONException
	 */
	public Writer write(final Writer writer) throws JSONException {
		try {
			boolean commanate = false;
			final Iterator keys = this.keys();
			writer.write('{');
			
			while (keys.hasNext()) {
				if (commanate) {
					writer.write(',');
				}
				final Object key = keys.next();
				writer.write(quote(key.toString()));
				writer.write(':');
				final Object value = this.map.get(key);
				if (value instanceof JSONObject) {
					((JSONObject)value).write(writer);
				} else if (value instanceof JSONArray) {
					((JSONArray)value).write(writer);
				} else {
					writer.write(valueToString(value));
				}
				commanate = true;
			}
			writer.write('}');
			return writer;
		} catch (final IOException exception) {
			throw new JSONException(exception);
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = (prime * result) + ((map == null) ? 0 : map.hashCode());
		return result;
	}
	
	@Override
	public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
		if (this == obj) {
			return true;
		}
		if (obj == null) {
			return false;
		}
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
			return false;
		}
		final JSONObject other = (JSONObject)obj;
		if (map == null) {
			if (other.map != null) {
				return false;
			}
		} else if (!map.equals(other.map)) {
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
}